422: It’s Not a Bug, It’s a Feature

Chris and Elecia chat about origami, learning, whether to future proof tools or buy the cheaper option, simulators, and classes.

Elecia is gearing up to teach another Making Embedded Systems course. Sign up if you want to be in the Yellow Seahorses cohort! Sign up early and often. Sign up other people. Ask other people to sign themselves up and even more other people. Well, you get the idea.

Check out Wokwi! While it looks like it is for Arduino from the front page, there is a lot of work going on to support C/C++ APIs such as the one for Raspberry Pi Pico or the Rust one for the ESP32. Please ask a professor what they’d need to use Wokwi in their class!

In episode 158: Programming Is Too Difficult for Humans, we talked about the Ada language and using it on ARM cores. Learn Ada (at AdaCore).

News

• Dead spiders are coming soon to a robot near you

• Continuous ultrasounds: probably not for swimming 

• Is CERN opening a portal to hell? Scientists claim not.

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Thank you to our sponsor this week!

421: Paint the Iceberg Yellow

Chris Hobbs talks with Elecia about safety critical systems. Safety-critical systems keep humans alive. Writing software for these embedded systems carries a heavy responsibility. Engineers need to understand how to make code fail safely and how to reduce risks through good design and careful development. 

The book discussed was Embedded Software Development for Safety-Critical Systems by Chris Hobbs.

This discussion was originally for Classpert (where Elecia is teaching her Making Embedded Systems course) and the video is on Classpert’s YouTube if you want to see faces.

There were many terms with letters and numbers, here is a guide:

• IEC 61508: Functional Safety of Electrical/Electronic/Programmable Electronic Safety-related Systems; relates to industrial systems and forms the foundation for many other standards 

• ISO 26262: Road vehicles - Functional Safety; extends and specializes IEC 61508 for systems within cards

• IEC 62304 specifies life cycle requirements for the development of medical software and software within medical devices. It has been adopted as national standards and therefore can be used as a benchmark to comply with regulatory requirements.

• MISRA C: a set of software development guidelines for the C programming language 

• DO178-C and DO178-B: Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification are the primary documents by which the certification authorities such as FAA, EASA and Transport Canada approve all commercial software-based aerospace systems

• ISO/IEC 29119: Software and systems engineering -- Software testing

• ISO 14971:2019 Medical devices — Application of risk management to medical devices (this is the on that was mentioned as a set of useful guidelines for identifying and mitigating hazards during brainstorming)

• IEC 62304:2006 Medical device software — Software life cycle processes

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420: Googly Eyes and Top Hats

Dan White, CEO of Filament Games, spoke to us about educational games, how to make play part of learning, and simulating robots. We also discussed what makes a good (or bad) learning experience, the limits of games as educational tools, and the elements of fun.

Roblox is a game platform and game creation system. Filament Games is developing a robot simulator called Roboco.

Filament has many games out in the wild, check out their portfolio. If this sounds like fun, check out their careers page.

Durf live streams game playing

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314: Why Are Wings Needed in Space? (Repeat)

Mohit Bhoite makes functional electronic sculptures from components and brass wire. We spoke with him on the hows and whys of making art.

Mohit’s sculptures, including the Tie Fighter. More on his instagram: mohitbhoite

Jiri Prause has a wonderful tutorial on how to make simpler freeform electronics on Instructables.

Peter Vogel is another artist making phenomenal freeform electronics.

Leonardo Ulian uses electronic components in his art (his don’t function but wow).

Advice from Mohit on trying this yourself from Bantam Tools. Mohit likes Xuron Pliers

Mohit can be found on twitter as @MohitBhoite

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419: Fission Chips

Eric Schlaepfer and Windell Oskay are the authors of Open Circuits: The Inner Beauty of Electronic Components. We discussed the inner beauty of a number of electronic components as well as cameras, photography, writing, preparing samples, and terrible title puns.

You can pre-order the physical book and get a digital early release copy at NoStarch.com/Open-Circuits

Windell is co-founder of Evil Mad Scientist Laboratory (@EMSL). He and Eric have collaborated before on several projects:

• The Three Fives Kit: A Discrete 555 Timer 

• The 555SE Discrete 555 Timer

• The XL741 Discrete Op-Amp Kit

• The 741SE Discrete 741 Op-Amp

Eric is also known for the Monster 6502, a 6502 processor made up of individual transistors. Eric also writes on tubetime.us and is on Twitter as @TubeTimeUS

Sign up for the Embedded newsletter by the end of July and be entered to win one of these lovely prizes:

• The Three Fives Kit: A Discrete 555 Timer (two)

• A copy of Open Circuits (one)

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A lovely reject from the book, this is the base of a neon bulb from GE.

418: Answer Me These Questions Three

Chris and Elecia question embedded systems then answer listener questions about embedded systems. They mostly agree except about one thing which, after some discussion, they agree upon. Mostly.

Video of Cissy Strut cover where Chris plays all of the instruments

Video where Elecia shows off some programmatic origami and simulation (not discussed but it seemed reasonable retaliation for talking about Chris’ video)

Dynamic Linker for Cortex-M (github repo)

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Thank you to our sponsor this week!

417: I Don’t Know How My Brain Works

Alexandra Covor spoke with us about engineering, making, drawing, school, and what it means to be an artist. 

Alex’s projects are on GitHub and Hackster.io. Her electronics comics can be found as PikaComics on Instagram.

The 2022 Open Hardware Summit named Alex as part of the Ada Lovelace Fellowship. Her favorite talk from the summit was Anuradha Reddy talking about Knotty (Naughty) Hardware.

Alex works for Zalmotek, a design services firm in Bucharest. We talked about Waylay.io, including their smart pet feeder built on that platform. For example projects for Edge Impulse, they built a tools organizer that uses ML.

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416: EEs Are From PIC, SWEs Are From Arm

John Catsoulis is the founder of Udamonic and creator of the Forth-based Scamp development board. He spoke with us about Forth, electrical engineering, and writing a technical book.

Find out more about Udamonic’s Scamp at udamonic.com. There are some hardware projects under the Create menu.

The Forth programming language is famous for its small size, portability, and post-fix (RPN) nature. 

John wrote O’Reilly’s Designing Embedded Hardware. While some parts are out of date, the general theory is still good.

CuriousMarc’s YouTube channel is full of retro-computer goodness.

Long ago, Elecia read The Eudaemonic Pie and imagined a life of high tech crime. Please don’t tell her if it doesn’t hold up well.

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415: Rolling Computers

Lead Solution Architect at Cymotive, Benny Meisels spoke with us about implementing embedded software security in cars. The discussion touches ECUs, IoT vehicles, threat and risk analysis, and how reverse engineering plays a role in security testing.

Benny works at Cymotive (https://www.cymotive.com/). You can find him on LinkedIn benny-meisels or on Twitter @benny_meisels.

Resources for automotive security:

• Automotive Security Research Group (ASRG)

• Upstream Security

• Hacking a VW Golf Power Steering ECU - Part 1 – Willem Melching's Blog 

• Instrument Cluster (ICM) Simulator: ICSim on github

• Program | escar USA conference | Embedded Security in Cars

• Car in a box, also on github and Arduino based: A lower cost approximation of the Toyota PASTA:Portable Automotive Testbed with Adaptability 

• Ghost Peak: Practical Distance Reduction Attacks Against HRP UWB Ranging

Framework Laptop 

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414: Puff, the Magically Secure Dragon

Laura Abbott of Oxide Computer spoke with us about a silicon bug in the ROM of the NXP LPC55, affecting the TrustZone. 

More information about the two issues are in the Oxide blog:

• Another vulnerability in the LPC55S69 ROM

• Exploiting Undocumented Hardware Blocks in the LPC55S69 

More about LPC55S6x and their LPC55Sxx Secure Boot

Ghidra is a software reverse engineering framework… and it is one of the NSA’s github repositories.

Laura will also be speaking about this at Hardwear.io in early June 2022 in Santa Clara. 

Twitter handles: @hardwear_io, @oxidecomputer, @openlabbott,

The vulnerability was filed with NIST: NVD - CVE-2021-31532

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413: Puppy-Like Glee

Chris and Elecia chat about practice, software quality, and empathy for seemingly unmotivated team members. 

Elecia is teaching another cohort of Making Embedded Systems in the fall, starting late August. There will be reminders between now and then but if you want to sign up, here is the page. The funny and odd music instruction video with the copy-and-paste method of composition.

Sign up for the newsletter!

Support us on Patreon!

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412: Inductors Don't Have Feelings

Tom Anderson returned to the show to describe how transistors and passives work. We discuss everything from vacuum tubes to diodes to transistors (PNP and NPN) to resistors and capacitors. We search for synonyms among the confusing terminology of cathodes, plates, emitters, anodes, grids, bases, and collectors. 

This was a tech heavy episode so little bit of brushing up on terms may be useful before (or after):

• Boltzmann constant

• Physical constant

• Vacuum tube

• Diode logic

• Diode 

• Push–pull converter

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411: Batteries Get Upset

Ethan Slattery joined us to talk about animals, animal trackers, and how they work.

Ethan works for Wildlife Computers. They use the Argos Network for data transfer. He was previously at MBARI and worked with Engineers for Exploration as an undergraduate.

Ethan is also known as CrustyAuklet on Twitter and Github. He also has an Instagram page. 

Things mentioned in the show you might want to know more about:

• Nautilus Live is a streaming YouTube channel from an ROV exploring the oceans. They have periodic dives where you can ask scientists about what they are seeing, while they are seeing it. Watch discoveries happen in real-time. Or watch the highlight reels on YouTube.

• Ze Frank also has a YouTube channel about animals called True Facts that it is … not as scientifically minded. And sometimes NSFW. Start with the True Facts about the Ocotpus.  (Note he did a parody of a Nautilus Live dive). 

• The Genius of Birds by Jennifer Ackerman

• Penguin, pangolin, whale shark, weta, you might have heard about those but what about the cassowary? In-depth documentary video, people on the internet are idiots video, and Wikipedia.

Two of the big tracking databases :

• Movebank

• NOAA Animal Tracking Network

Also, the Cornell Lab of ornithology also maintains a bird specific database that is pretty neat:

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305: Humans Have a Terrible Spec Sheet (Repeat)

Amanda “w0z” Wozniak spoke with us about her career through biomedical engineering and startups. 

Amanda contributed a chapter to Building Open Source Hardware: DIY Manufacturing. (A book we spoke with Alicia Gibb about in #289.) Amanda’s chapter was titled Design Process: How to Get from Nothing to Something.

For more information about the companies we discussed, check out Amanda’s LinkedIn page. 

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Thank you to our sponsors!

410: Emacs From the Future

Chris and Elecia chat about tools, interrupts, and general happenings. 

Thank you to Newark for supporting the show! The part that was not guessed was an RF FET: MRF1K50HR5.

Elecia found MCU on Eclipse (Eric Styger)’s tutorials on Visual Studio Code for C/C++ with ARM Cortex-M (Part 1).

Embedded has a Patreon page where you can get access to the Slack group. The book club is starting Prototype to Product: A Practical Guide for Getting to Market by Alan Cohen.

Wokwi Raspberry Pi Pico projects from Elecia: Command Line Interface and PWM Experiments with Logic Analyzer

Phillip Johnston of Embedded Artistry and Tyler Hoffman from Memfault are kicking off a quarterly embedded discussion panel. This month is about building embedded systems at scale using device metrics: Embedded Device Observability Metrics Panel 

Jonathan Beri from Golioth created instructions on how to use USB from WSL2.

Copy-editing game.

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Thank you to Newark for sponsoring this episode of Embedded!

409: A Better World

Dr. Shirley Davis spoke with us about her book: Diversity, Equity & Inclusion For Dummies.

Dr. Davis is a speaker and consultant on diversity, equity, and inclusion topics; her website is drshirleydavis.com. 

Dr. Davis’ books include:

• Diversity, Equity & Inclusion For Dummies

• Living Beyond “What If?”: Release the Limits and Realize Your Dreams

• The Seat: How to Get Invited to the Table When You're Over-Performing but Undervalued 

• Reinvent Yourself: Strategies for Achieving Success in Every Area of Your Life

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295: In the Key of Lime (Repeat)

This week we talk about CircuitPython (@CircuitPython) with @adafruit’s Kattni Rembor (@kattni) and Scott Shawcroft (@tannewt). 

The suggested first board is CircuitPlayground Express with LEDs, sensors, and buttons. CircuitPython is also available for many other boards including the BLE Feather (NRF52832).

For a basic introduction take a look at What is CircuitPython and see some example scripts. To dig a little deeper, check out the many resources in Awesome CircuitPython. The whole thing is open source so you can see their code. If you are thinking about contributing (or just want some fun chats), get in touch on the CircuitPython channel of the Adafruit Discord server: adafru.it/discord

Many of the language’s design choices favor ease-of-use over ready-for-production. Imagine teaching an intro to programming class without worrying what computers will be used or how to get compilers installed on everyone’s machines before time runs out. 

One final note: Kattni did a project that gave us the show title: Piano in the Key of Lime. After we finished recording, Chris asked her why she didn’t add a kiwi fruit to her mix… Kattni explained she had limes and they were small. Chris only wanted a different fruit so she could rename it Piano in the Kiwi of Lime. It is always sad when we stop recording too early.

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408: Room In Your Heart for Your Robot

Machine learning engineer and science fiction author S. B. Divya joined us to talk about artificial intelligence, robotics, and humanity.

Divya’s first full-length book is Machinehood which has been nominated for a Nebula (as was her novella Runtime).

You can find more about Divya on her website (sbdivya.com) or on her Wikipedia page.

Divya also co-hosted EscapePod, a podcast of science fiction stories. 

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407: Boards Are Like Sandwiches

Mihir Shah of Royal Circuits joined us to talk about how PCBs are fabricated and how companies are funded. Mihir was CEO of InspectAR before they were acquired by Cadence.

Mihir works for Royal Circuits and runs a newsletter called TheAnalog.io

We talked about InspectAR on Embedded 384: What Is a Board File? with Liam Cadigan.

Transcript for this show

This episode is sponsored by Newark, a leading international distributor of industrial and electronic components. From design and testing to production and maintenance, discover why so many choose to partner with Newark!

406: R2D2 Is a Trash Can

Jorvon Moss (Odd Jayy) joined us to talk about making robots, steampunk aesthetics, uploading consciousness to AIs, and the importance of drawing.

You can find Jay on Twitter (@Odd_Jayy) and Instagram (@odd_jayy). He’s been moving his Hackster projects over to Digikey’s Maker.io space: www.digikey.com/en/maker. Jay’s projects are collected here.

Elecia brought up the science fiction book Machinehood by S. B. Divya. Jay returned with Martha Well’s Murderbot Diaries.  

Jay mentioned Mycroft.ai, open source voice assistant. Jay was interviewed by Make Magazine (article). He was on the cover of the magazine; the YouTube video where he was informed was heartwarming.

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